The new Swine Disease Global Surveillance Report was released earlier this week. Coordinated by the University of Minnesota in collaboration with the Swine Health Information Center, the aim of these reports is to have a structure for near real-time identification of hazards. In this report, updates are focusing on African Swine Fever, Foot-and-Mouth Disease and the Canadian suspension of U.S. imports of horses, swine, and ruminates.
African Swine Fever
EUROPE
In November (10/30/2025-11/26/2025), the number of ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs continued to decline. Six European countries (Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Moldova, Romania, and Serbia) reported a total of 54 outbreaks, representing a 2.1-fold decrease compared to the previous month (n=115). Romania reported the highest number of outbreaks (n = 39), including a large commercial farm housing approximately 6,000 pigs.
Meanwhile, ASF detections in wild boar continued to rise. During the same period, 16 European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine) reported through EC ADIS 841 outbreaks in wild boar, a 1.4-fold increase from the previous month (n=587). The highest numbers were reported by Bulgaria (n=294), Poland (n=132), and Latvia (n=114). Additionally, Spain confirmed its first ASF case since 1994 on November 28, 2025, marking the country’s first detection in more than three decades (was not included in the ADIS 11/20 – 11/26 report).
After 30 years since the last report, Spain confirmed the presence of
ASF in two wild boars found dead in Bellaterra (Barcelona). The Central Veterinary Laboratory in Algete verified the detection. In the following days, 12 additional wild boar carcasses were located within a 1-km radius around Bellaterra and Cerdanyola del Vallès, bringing the total number of carcasses under investigation to fourteen. All detections occurred in an area without previous ASF circulation, indicating a point introduction consistent with long-distance ASF incursions documented in Europe.
On December 2 the Central Veterinary Laboratory in Algete confirmed ASF in seven additional wild boar found dead. These new confirmations bring the total to nine confirmed cases of infected wild boar, all within the same area. In response, the Official Veterinary Services of Catalonia have established a 20-kilometer control and surveillance zone around the detected cases.
ASF is classified as a Category A disease under EU legislation. Spain notified the European Commission and WOAH immediately after the first confirmation. Regional and national authorities activated established ASF response protocols, including the creation of an infected zone with a 20-km perimeter, restrictions on hunting and outdoor activities, increased carcass search and removal operations, and reinforced surveillance in domestic pig farms and wildlife areas. The Military Emergency Unit (UME) was mobilized, deploying personnel, decontamination points, wild boar capture teams, and drone support. No ASF detections have been reported in domestic pigs so far.
ASIA
In November, three countries, India, the Philippines, and Vietnam, reported new outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs, while Taiwan reported continuing investigations and updates from the October outbreak.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
EUROPE
WOAH has officially restored Slovakia’s status as FMD-free without vaccination as of October 31, 2025. In announcing the decision, national veterinary authorities emphasized the importance of maintaining strong biosecurity and strict compliance with disease-prevention measures. They noted that lessons learned from the recent event should strengthen preparedness for any future incidents, stressing that responsible practices by breeders remain essential to avoiding further outbreaks and the severe consequences they bring.
On November 19, the government lifted the state of emergency declared earlier in the year due to the FMD outbreak, noting that necessary control measures had been completed. Of the $11.5 million (€10 million) allocated for the response, roughly $5 million (€4.3 million) remained unused and has been reassigned to cover personnel costs related to outbreak management.
ASIA AND EURASIA
In November, Azerbaijan reported that its SAT1 FMD outbreak in Ganja-Qazakh had been fully resolved following culling of affected animals and completion of quarantine and surveillance measures. Türkiye announced that its nationwide SAT1 outbreak is now under control, supported by high vaccination coverage, continued monitoring, and coordinated implementation of its Emergency Action Plan. China notified WOAH of an SAT O outbreak in Xinjiang Uygur, where all affected and susceptible cattle at an animal quarantine station were culled to prevent further spread.
AFRICA
In November 2025, two countries in southern Africa, Eswatini and South Africa, reported FMD events. Eswatini continued to experience outbreaks caused by the SAT2 serotype in domestic cattle, while South Africa reported outbreaks involving both SAT1 and SAT2. Mozambique did not report any new
outbreaks; however, authorities provided an update on last month’s SAT1 event, revising the total to 45 cases among 2,511 susceptible cattle.
Canada suspends U.S. imports of horses, swine, and ruminants after Vesicular Stomatitis Virus outbreak in Arizona
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has temporarily suspended imports following two outbreaks of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in Arizona (Cochise and Gila Counties).
On October 31, 2025, the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) in Ames, Iowa, confirmed vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) in horses on two separate premises in Cochise County, Arizona, marking the first U.S. VSV detections of 2025. On the first premises, a 21-year-old mare tested positive based on oral lesions; the remaining 52 horses and 120 cattle showed no clinical signs. On the second premises, an 8-year-old gelding met the confirmed case definition, while six additional horses and 60 cattle were unaffected. Both detections were supported by compatible clinical signs and viral genome sequencing from lesion swabs. Initial epidemiological investigations on both premises indicate that the likely source of infection was the incursion of VSV-infected insect vectors. No recent livestock movements on or off either premises were documented. All affected premises in Cochise County were released from quarantine on November 12. On November 24, a third confirmed VSNJV case was reported in Gila County, involving a new equine premises. Biosecurity measures and vector mitigation have been instituted to reduce within-herd spread of the virus.
Premises with laboratory-confirmed VSV are classified as confirmed positive. After a county has a confirmed case, new equine premises showing compatible clinical signs are not required to be tested; they are quarantined and classified as presumptive positive. Premises may also be deemed presumptive positive if clinical animals do not meet the confirmed case definition but laboratory evidence indicates recent infection. Both confirmed and presumptive positive premises are quarantined for a minimum of 14 days from the onset of lesions in the last affected animal.
The last outbreak of VSV in the U.S. occurred from May 2023 through January 2024, with a total of 319 premises affected in three states (California, Nevada, and Texas). Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) circulates annually between livestock and insect vectors in southern Mexico, and only occasionally results in incursions into the U.S. when climatic and ecological factors support the movement of VSV-infected insect vectors northward.
You can read the full report for maps, references and more detailed regional highlights.